Instructional Design no Ensino e Formação Profissional em EaD

Resumo

Nesta comunicação começarei por clarificar os conceitos de Educação e Instrução, as suas diferenças e complementaridade.

Depois analisarei as principais características e princípios do Instructional Design (ID) e as duas grandes abordagens à instrução: a sistémica e a pedagógica, nomeadamente o modelo ADDIE (Analyse, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluations) e dois modelos pedagógicos de cariz cognitivistas: A Teoria das Condições da Aprendizagem de Robert Gagné e o Modelo 4C/ID (Four Components Instructional Design) de van Merriënboer.
Ambos se podem aplicar ao ensino e à formação profissional, embora o modelo 4C/ID tenha sido originalmente concebido para a formação profissional.

Referirei ainda com brevidade algumas teorias e modelos instrutivos de pendor construtivista e instrutivista: A Aprendizagem pela Descoberta Guiada de Jerome Bruner e o Ensino Programada de Burrhus Skinner.

Por fim mostrarei dois dos meus cursos ministrados a distância em regime de e.learning, um que se baseou nos princípios gerais do ID e na Teoria das Condições de Aprendizagem de R. Gagné e outro que seguiu o modelo da
Descoberta Guiada de J. Bruner

Palavras-chave: Instructional Design; Modelos de Instructional Design; Modelo 4C/ID

Abstract

Instructional Design in Education and Professional Training in EaD

In this communication, I will start by clarifying the concepts of Education and Instruction, their differences and complementarities.
Then I will analyze the main characteristics and principles of Instructional Design (ID) and the two major approaches to instruction: the systemic and the pedagogical, namely the ADDIE model (Analyse, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluations) and two pedagogical models of a cognitive nature: Robert Gagné’s Learning Conditions Theory and van Merriënboer’s 4C/ID (Four Components Instructional Design) Model. Both can be applied to education and vocational training, although the 4C/ID model was originally designed for vocational training.
I will also briefly refer to some theories and instructional models with a constructivist and instructivist bent: Guided Discovery Learning by Jerome Bruner and Programmed Teaching by Burrhus Skinner.
Finally, I will show two of my distance learning courses, one that was based on the general principles of ID and on the Learning Conditions Theory of R. Gagné and another that followed the Guided Discovery model of J. Bruner

Keywords: Instructional Design; Instructional Design Models; 4C/ID Model